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Host–pathogen interaction
Host–pathogen interactions are the interactions taking place between a pathogen (e.g. virus, bacteria) and their host (e.g. humans, plants). Host–pathogen interactions can be described on the population level (virus infections in a human population), on the single-cell level (individual encounters of host and bacteria), on the organismal level (e.g. virus infects host), or on the molecular level (e.g. virus protein binds to receptor on human cell). Pathogens may interact with their host without causing disease, e.g. when viruses cause asymptomatic infections. Notably, some organisms may be both hosts and pathogens, e.g. bacteria that can infect animals or plants but are themselves infected by viruses (phage).
==Host-pathogen interactome==
While most studies focus on special aspects of host-pathogen interactions, such as the binding of a virus to its human receptor, studies have attempted to systematically identify interactions among virus proteins and their host proteins. Interactions among the protein networks of a host and a pathogen are called ''host-pathogen interactomes''.
The host-pathogen interface presents interesting cellular changes observable under electron microcope - happening to the pathogens for enhanced virulence, including formation of surface 'invasosomal' periplasmic organelles and exocytosis of bacterial outer membrane vesicles by gram-negative pathogens (e.g., Salmonella). Host cell cytoskeletal reorganisational changes e.g., ruffle formation, altered phagocytosis, etc also take place as a prelude to microbial invasion.〔YashRoy, R.C. (2001) Host-pathogen interface: Ultrastructure of Salmonella virulence. ''Proc. XXIV Ann. conf. Electron Microscopy and allied fields '' Vol. CB-KS. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233425214_Host-pathogen_interface_Ultrastructure_of_Salmonella_virulence?ev=prf_pub〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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